Crime Scene Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Wrongdoing Scene - Research Paper Example For this situation, we were given a murder that seems to have happened in the casualties homes, where she was discovered dead, cut multiple times, on her kitchen floor. Given the data gave one can extrapolate a few unique and conceivable hypotheses to illuminate this case. The Victim: The casualty is lying on the kitchen floor. She has 13 cut injuries in her body. Cuts injuries of high numbers, unreasonable past simply causing demise, are now and then recognized as â€Å"emotional† assaults. Normally happening when the aggressor has an individual explanation behind assaulting the person in question. She has a blade close to her hand and she shows various wounds on her upper arms and broken finger nails. This would demonstrate that the casualty retaliated against her aggressor. It is, likewise, implies that there is a higher chance of DNA proof of the killer left on her body or under her messed up finger nails. Up 'til now, there is no conviction if there has been rape of any s ort. Given that the casualty is a sturdily worked, better than expected stature for female, and 140 pounds it is plentifully likely her aggressor was a male; being that she is a bigger than normal for a female she would probably have a favorable position over a female adversary. There are, likewise, a great deal measurements to help the understanding that the crime casualties, who are ladies, most of their killers are male, instead of other ladies (Brewer and Smith, 1995). The Scene: The wrongdoing scene itself has a ton to state about what may have occurred here. The way that the wrongdoing occurred in the kitchen may have been picked by the person in question. She may have gone to the kitchen purposefully to get to the firearm in the cabinet or the blade on the counter. The house seems to be in strife, be that as it may, in spite of the chaos, nothing was obviously taken from the home. This practically wipes out that this murder was coincidental over the span of burglary turned ou t badly. Practically this leaves two unmistakable choices to consider. The first is that the wrongdoing was a planned demonstration or a wrongdoing of enthusiasm. The reality, that there are no indications of constrained section or breaking and entering implies that the casualty either was happy with making her way for the executioner or realized them all around ok to welcome him into her home. The blade on the floor might possibly be the blade used to cut the person in question; realizing this would show whether the executioner carried a weapon to the scene or utilized the blade from the victim’s kitchen. There is, additionally, the likelihood that it was the casualty who pulled the kitchen blade to shield herself. The relatives, who were evidently not present at the hour of the wrongdoing, are not explicitly distinguished. It is reasonable for expect that the casualty presumably has no little kids in light of the fact that most guardians of little youngsters don't keep stac ked guns in the kitchen drawers. On the off chance that the victim’s family incorporates a husband, accomplice, beau, or life partner then it will be important to additionally scrutinize her mate or accomplice. In most of murders happening among ladies, 30% or more, can be ascribed to men whom they were by and by or eventually close with (Marvell and Moody, 1999). The Family: When the family is educated one should watch the practices and activities of the relatives. Individuals act in certain mental manners when they get appalling data. The phases of sorrow are run of the mill of individuals (Moldovan, 2009).So if someone’

Econometrics

Individuals the executives at the Seafood Restaurant, Potato's. Foundation From an unassuming start, Rick and Jill Stein built up a little fish café on the harbor side in Potato's in 1975. The business has extended to incorporate various distinctive food foundations at various value focuses which request to a wide customer gathering, with everything except one of the locales situated in Potato's.The notoriety of the business for nature of food and administration, combined with Rick's prominent TV appearances, have guaranteed Patriots place on the guide in regard of ‘destination inning. Culture Rick and Jill stay at the leader of the business and, with no outside investors, hold a solid, individual situation regarding the way of life and advancement of the business. All the more as of late, their child Jack who is just 33 has been selected as Executive Chef.As with numerous proprietor drove associations, the way of life of the association keeps on mirroring the open minded, lib eral, family-lively ethos of the underlying, a lot littler business. With development and expanding headcount, this culture can anyway become tried and all the more testing to keep up. There is a deed to build up certain arrangements so as to guarantee a level of consistency in how individuals are overseen and set out the practices that are normal from representatives of all levels throughout their work. This should be accomplished so that the way of life of the business is retained.Staffing needs and representative constituent Staffing needs mirror the occasional pinnacles and troughs of the eatery business: in the bustling season, week after week takings will be multiple times takings in the calmer season. Headcount needs to rise and fall appropriately. The regular greatest headcount is just shy of 400 representatives, with a prerequisite around 100 less workers unavailable. This decrease is accomplished through ‘natural wastage' the same number of the regular representative s are either understudies or non-understudies who return year on year to the business additionally explicitly to work in the occupied season.Therefore, while 1 50 leavers for every annum shows up from the outset to be extremely significant level of staff turnover, this is ordinary for the friendliness business and particularly fits the requirements of those laborers who Join, leave, and frequently return the next year. Mirroring the high quantities of understudies who ark regularly, the age profile of the business is youthful: 40% of representatives are under 24 years old. The development of the business has implied that, for the individuals who Join at first as regular specialists and afterward express an enthusiasm for a more extended term job with the business, this is frequently possible.The business can enlist new workers as required without the utilization of enrollment organizations in this way maintaining a strategic distance from expensive office charges. The business remai ned profoundly beneficial through the downturn anyway various cost factors prompted a decreased benefit figure for 2012: these included capital venture, a developer of overhauling premises and food and fuel swelling. Also, the finance of the business had expanded after some time to mirror the development of the business. Basically, it shows up there was no advancement plan per SE.Rick Stein is cited as saying: Little did Jill and I know when we opened a little fish bistro on the harbor side in Potato's in 1975 with red checked decorative spreads and candles in decision bottles that the business would develop into four cafés, 40 rooms, 3 shops, a cookery school and a bar. We didn't have a Master plan. It Just happened†¦ E Just needed individuals to remain here for a brief period realizing they could eat contrastingly everyday†¦ Despite the unstructured way to deal with business advancement plans, turnover among lasting staff is low, and the proprietors are quick to compens ate workers with a yearly increment.As giving the expanded expenses to clients would have been counterproductive, the consistent methodology was to think about operational expenses and to reevaluate staffing. In numerous associations, this would include potential redundancies. Rick and Jill would not like to make any representative excess, thus the HRS work et about thinking about different ways to deal with downsizing finance use. Area and network Relations with the neighborhood, affectionate network are imperative to the business which is a significant boss in the area.Further development could remember opening eateries for different areas: this would carry a new arrangement of difficulties to the business, not least in regard of individuals the executives. Extra data: 1 . Hierarchical structure 2. Guide of Potato's indicating names and areas of Rick and Jill Stein's organizations Task; For each question beneath, you should show that you have considered hypothetical individual, le gitimate necessities, business needs and potential reactions from the workforce to think of adjusted arrangements and exhibit that you know about any related dangers. Task questions: 1 .Identify the current vital way to deal with overseeing individuals in this association considering points of interest and impediments. Your answer ought to incorporate a conversation of how this key methodology is probably going to affect on operational individuals the executives issues (for instance, enrollment, execution the executives, staff benefits, nonattendance the board, control and complaint). On the off chance that any progressions are squired, which approach would you suggest? 2. With the extension of the business, it has been reasonable to consider the improvement of certain approaches so as to guarantee a level of consistency in how 2. Which individuals the board strategy would you suggest is executed as the most noteworthy need in the business? 2. 2 Justify your suggestion. 2. 3 Outline the points and key components of the approach. 2. 4 Discuss how you would actualize this arrangement: consider how you would guarantee chiefs and representatives ‘buy in' to the strategy and distinguish any potential obstruction. 3. At the Seafood Restaurant, Rick and Jill would not like to make any worker specialist, thus the HRS work set about thinking about different ways to deal with downsizing finance consumption. . 1 Discuss the advantages to the matter of maintaining a strategic distance from redundancies. 3. 2 Discuss the potential ways to deal with lessening finance use; think about the benefits and downsides of each approach and recognize which you would suggest. 4. Potato's has been home to the Seafood Restaurant for an impressive time allotment and extension has happened inside the territory. In the event that the business were to grow to another area, what might be the individuals the executives contemplations in regard of: 4. Enrollment 4. 2 Employee corresponde nce 4. Consistency of culture over the business Assignment 1: Assessment Criteria Excellent Very great Could be better Marks accessible Theoretical information and basic understanding 30 Evidence of a basic comprehension of significant hypotheses, models and systems that educate the circumstance depicted by the contextual investigation Demonstrates away from of key contentions, discussions and contemporary issues/thoughts identifying with individuals the board Work is educated by away from to proper writing Application of hypothetical information/research to practicePerspectives, contentions, models and systems from the writing are plainly applied to the contextual investigation situation Issues of functional and, where pertinent, vital significance for the association are obviously distinguished and tended to Practices portrayed for the situation study are basically examinations and assessed through the utilization and use of important scholastic writing Written Communication and P resentation Referencing/references follow Harvard convention Work is composed unmistakably, utilizing fitting style and language Spelling, punctuation and design are to an expert standardMaterial is unmistakably and viably sorted out to give a profoundly organized, legitimate and intelligent arrangement of contentions Conclusions and suggestions follow coherently and are reasonable with regards to the situation Format prerequisites Please observe beneath ASSIGNMENT 2: REFLECTIVE JOURNAL Individual intelligent Journal (30%): You should likewise deliver an individual and intelligent Journal, which exhibits that you comprehend the job and estimation of reflection for singular turn of events. You ought to likewise consider what you have realized on the module, and how it expands on your past information and experience.You must show through your appearance how and what you are realizing on the module, and think about how your abilities, thoughts and mentalities to individuals the executi ves are creating. This will remember distinguishing any holes for your current information or abilities and how you intend to function to create them. You will be urged to ponder a week after week premise and to create customary sections in your diary empowering you to construct this task as the module advances. Your finished Journal is probably going to be around 1500 words in length.Task You are required to think about the learning on this module and produce a Journal. This ought to be written in report position fundamentally pondering what you have realized and distinguishing regions of advancement. Subtleties Final report-word Count: 1 500 words (short day by day logs). The cutoff times see over: This is an individual task. Your work ought to contain: 1 . A reasonable presentation, presenting the report and your thoughts regarding individuals the board, with a concise remark on your insight and abilities corresponding to this. 2. A short conversation of your abilities toward the start of the module to include: a.Your perspectives on your own qualities and shortcomings as a potential supervisor working with individuals. B. How you will utilize your chances to limit/defeat shortcomings and potential dangers c. Make sure to recognize improvement territories. 3. You have to have an area on what you gained from the module regarding abilities/information and maybe how yourself idea has been tested because of taking an interest in exercises on the module. A. What's more, you should distinguish results of your learning for what's to come. B

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Task Example The all out liabilities sum is $ 8,300 during a similar bookkeeping period. The complete Capital end is $ 32,810 during a similar bookkeeping year (Black, 2009; Crosson, 2009). The asset report depends on the collection premise of bookkeeping. The accumulation premise bookkeeping states that the records its incomes or deals during the bookkeeping time frame they were earned, not on the day they were paid by the clients. Thusly, the business made to present and future clients on account are charged to Accounts receivable or Notes receivable. In like way, the Sales or Revenue account is credited. Then again, the money premise bookkeeping records incomes or deals just during when the business sums are paid by the clients, not when the incomes or deals were earned. So also, the gathering premise of bookkeeping records costs during the bookkeeping time frame when they are acquired (Nikolai, 2009). ... ted to sell similar items or administrations, get installments from clients, pay its lenders, and do different business exchanges until the following quite a long while (Nikolai, 2009). Savannah Enterprise Income articulations  Savannah Enterprise  Income Statement  For the year finished December 31, 2012 (thousands)  Sales 75.00  cost of deals  inv ask  Purchases 43.84  Goods available to be purchased 43.84  inv end 1.60 42.24  Gross Profit 32.76  Selling and Admin Expenses  Advertising cost 2.40  Depreciation Expense (Delivery Equipment) 5.00  Depreciation Expense (Computer) 1.00  Utilities cost 4.50  Commission cost 1.50  Miscellaneous cost 4.90  Taxes and Licenses (Business rates) 1.50  Repairs and Maintenance cost 2.80  Postage and Packing cost 0.95 24.55  Net Profit 8.21  The above salary proclamation depends on the coordinating idea of bookkeeping. Under the coordinating idea of bookkeeping, the expenses of deli vering the items will be deducted during the bookkeeping time frame when the items were sold or incomes were earned (Nikolai, 2009). Under the coordinating guideline of bookkeeping, the expense of deals sum is deducted from the business account. Subsequently, the expense of deals $ 42,240 is deducted from the $75,000 income. The aftereffect of the scientific calculation is $ 32,760 gross benefit under the coordinating guideline of bookkeeping (Weetman, 2009). So as to show up at the bookkeeping period’s net benefit, the working costs are deducted from the gross benefit figure. The working costs incorporate the promoting costs and the organization costs. The promoting costs incorporate the publicizing cost and the commission cost. On the

Leadership Team

Andrew Pudewa Founder Director Julie Walker Chief Marketing Officer Tim Lawless Director of  Operations Peter Buscemi Operations Manager Kristin Boutross Executive Administrator Cameron Covey Manager of Information Systems Laura House Hybrid Schools Manager Denise Kelley Senior Product Manager/ Online Class Director Nathan King Project Manager Jessica Walker Customer Service Manager       Start now!  Ã‚         Our Support Team Leadership Team Andrew Pudewa Founder Director Julie Walker Chief Marketing Officer Tim Lawless Director of  Operations Peter Buscemi Operations Manager Kristin Boutross Executive Administrator Cameron Covey Manager of Information Systems Laura House Hybrid Schools Manager Denise Kelley Senior Product Manager/ Online Class Director Nathan King Project Manager Jessica Walker Customer Service Manager       Start now!  Ã‚         Our Support Team

Community Policing And The Police Essay - 2008 Words

Community policing is a police procedure forced to make a superior relationship between the police and the group. Community policing is characterized as a synergistic exertion between the police and the group that distinguishes issues of wrongdoing and clutter and includes all components of the Community in the look for answers for these issues. Does people group based policing achieve social orders coveted result and desires? This is one of many inquiries we may have about the genuinely new and disputable subject of group policing. Community policing is maybe the most misconstrued and most of the time manhandled topic in police administration amid this decade. In the previous couple of years, it has turned out to be in vogue for police offices to start community policing, frequently with little thought of what that expression implies. In reality, all way of hierarchical tinkering has been marked group policing. However, people group policing is not a program. Rather, people community policing is an esteem framework which saturates a police office, in which the essential hierarchical objective is working helpfully with individual natives, gatherings of nationals, and both open and private associations to recognize and resolve issues which possibly impact the reasonableness of particular neighborhoods, ranges, or the city overall. Community based police offices perceive the way that the police can t viably manage such issues alone, and must join forces with other peopleShow MoreRelatedPolice Policing And Community Policing1513 Words   |  7 Pages Community Policing How effective is community policing? Community policing has several different definitions. In this paper I will prove that community policing is effective by defining, community policing as the police and citizens coming together to create a safe community, stop crime and resolve problems and also urgently responding to the community. Throughout many years, the people’s view of community policing have remained the same. There are some valid causes as to whyRead MorePolice Policing And Community Policing Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesIntro There are a series of variations of the definition of community policing. Community policing is a system ran for police officers within communities so that they can become familiar with local citizens. In majority of cities, the relationship that is already between officers and community citizens end up going wrong because not the ‘right’ officer gets put where they need to be. State officials hire officers from small towns and put them in the city, or it’s the case where city officers areRead MoreCommunity Policing And The Police1755 Words   |  8 PagesCommunity policing can be dated back to the early nineteenth century. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel created the Metropolitan Police when he served as Home Secretary of England. According to Peel, the real key for policing is â€Å"the police are the people and the people are the police†. Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of the citizens. His first principle was that the â€Å"basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder†Read MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing849 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Since the surface of Community policing in the 1970’s and making the mark of influence on the strategies of policing throughout the United States, community policing has slowly become the direction of police interaction (Sozer and Merlo, 2013). Originally, having a breakthrough of helping reduce crime in the larger cities of America, smaller cities took the initiative and began the tactic of using community policing in the same efforts to reduce crime in local communities (Sozer and Merlo, 2013)Read MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing1444 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to COPS and the U.S. Department of Justice, community policing begins with a commitment to building trust and respect between police and communities. Many police department and citizens within the communities collaborate and they more effectively address underlying issues, change negative behavioral patterns, and allocate resources. Bureau of Justice Statistics defines community policing as, â€Å"A philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnershipsRead MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing1657 Words   |  7 Pages Over the past few decades community policing has become a new trend in law enforcement. A majority of contemporary police departments now claim to use community policing. Community policing builds on basic policing practices with an emphasis on crime prevention and lasting solutions to problems. Community policing was established in the 1970s, but did not become popular until the 1990s. The goal of community policing is to rebuild the bond between citizens and police officers, while at the sameRead MoreCommunity Policing And The Police Department Essay2270 Words   |  10 PagesCommunity policing began in the 1980s, based off of work performed at Michigan Sate University (Police Studies Book). However, the Anytown Police Department has not been a part of this method of policing until now. The department’s management feels that community policing would be effective to treat several issues we have been experiencing of late, including our faltering relationship with minorities and with the poor and middle classes. Many, broad sweeping, changes will need to be made to the departmentRead MoreCommunity Policing : A New Partnership Between The Police And The Community1285 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity policing is now widely spread around the world due to its overwhelming popularity and effectiveness. This policing model is even being â€Å"sold† as perhaps the best policing model for modern society. Trojanowicz and Bucqueroux define community policing as â€Å"a philosophical and an organizational strategy that promotes a new partnership between the people and their police† (Trojanowicz and Bucqueroux p.6). The central idea of such policing is to create a sustainable partnership between the policeRead MorePolice Presence And Implementing Community Policing2096 Words   |  9 Pagesyou ever wondered why our communities are struggling, neighbors are fighting and everyone is against one another? This is because as a community not everyone is working on the mission to provide a safe and clean environment. A community includes residents, law enforcers, and government officials all working cohesively to provide better quality of life in our neighborhoods. In today’s society, we are trying to focus on the third era of policing known as community policing where the goal is to improveRead MorePolice Agencies Implement Community Policing, And Problem Oriented Policing Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages Do Canadian police agencies implement community policing, and problem oriented policing? and if so do they work? In this paper, this paper will examine the two different styles of policing in a contemporary society. Community policing where the main emphasis is that the police and the community work together on issues, and problem-oriented policing where the police try and understand specific issues within the community. It will also examine several examples of different policing agencies in Canada

The Fifth Amendment and Self-Incrimination - 842 Words

The fifth amendment states that, â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation†. Would the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination prohibit the government from any of the following: requiring†¦show more content†¦The government should not threaten someone’s job for refusing to testify, that will be a violation of the Fifth Amendment right. Threatening a person with a reduction in pay if he/she does not testify is a coercive act and can in some way be considered as self-incrimination. In conclusion, the Fifth Amendment privilege against Self-Incrimination only gives people the right to refuse to testify to the government if such testimony will incriminate them of a crime. Law enforcement cannot force the defendant to make any testimonial that can be used as evidence that he/she is guilty of the crime. It does not allow the right to refuse other physical evidence such as handwriting, to speak certain words, fingerprints, blood samples, and tissue samples or to refuse to stand in a police lineup even if these compelled documents contain incriminating evidence. Unless any of the documents is private meaning unknown to the government, the act of the defendant producing these documents can implicate a violation of the Fifth Amendment right. Sources: Textbook: Criminal Procedure 10th edition by John N. Ferdico http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/constitution/amendment05/07.html http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/self-incrimination-clause.htmlShow MoreRelatedThe Fifth Amendment : Self-Incrimination In The Fifth Amendment1040 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Fifth Amendment is Self-Incrimination, stating â€Å"No person...shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself....†. This clause specifies that a person cannot be forced to testify against himself or herself; yet, this does not limited police-interrogation. A testimonial through threatened loss of government employment or guilt from silence can be used as evidence. Witnesses and evidence must be presented during the trial. This is often known as taking the fifth. OneRead MoreFour Basic Components of the Fifth Amendment1382 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fifth Amendment Clearly define the four basic components of the Fifth Amendment The four basic components of the Fifth Amendment include: double jeopardy, due process, the right to be heard by a jury and safeguards against self-incrimination. Double jeopardy is when the individual can only be tried for a crime once. In the event that they are acquitted and new information surfaces, they cannot be retried again for the same crime. Instead, new charges would have to be filed showing the individualRead MoreShould The Fifth Amendment Cover Fair Pay?950 Words   |  4 Pagesrestrictions also constituted a taking of their land requiring adequate compensation. At first, the courts were reluctant to hear these claims. Over time, however, courts began to recognize them, adding a new dimension to the law of eminent domain. Fifth Amendment cover Fair pay is ordinarily decided utilizing the market estimation of the land, that is, the price for which the landowner could reasonably expect to sell the land to some another buyer. Land price depend on many things like the loca tion ofRead MoreConstitutional Protections in Criminal Investigations1401 Words   |  6 Pagesfamiliar with the Fifth Amendment due to the popular phrase â€Å"I plead the fifth,† which is used as a defense in trials. But what should be familiar are the protections that we might take for granted such as the protection from double jeopardy. This means that a person cannot be tried more than once for the same offense (Salky, 2010). When reading the Fifth Amendment it could be agreed upon that this is where the right to remain silent and the Miranda Rights emerged from. The Fifth Amendment reads: â€Å"NoRead MoreThe Right Against Self Incrimination1184 Words   |  5 Pagesvalid point, the accusation falls apart the deeper you look. This is why I d like to show why pleading the 5th is not an incriminating phrase by giving the history of the 5th amendment, how the Miranda rights came into play, and a case where this theory of automatic guilt was disproven. The right against self-incrimination stems as far back as 17th century England when Puritans refused to cooperate with interrogators while being tortured to expel their religious beliefs. While the Puritans may haveRead MoreEssay On The Fifth Amendment1307 Words   |  6 PagesExplain the details of what the Fifth Amendment provides citizens and its use of it in the 2012 Meningitis Outbreak? Fifth Amendment The Fifth Amendment in US constitution was proposed by Congressman James Madison on June 8, 1789 and was passed on September 25, 1789. It was later ratified by Congress on December 15, 1791 as â€Å"Bill of Rights†. It provides a number of rights which are relevant to both Civil and Criminal legal proceedings. In Criminal cases, it provides a right to Grand Jury. It forbidsRead MoreImmunity in the U.S. Court Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesincriminate one’s self is established within the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution. The Fifth Amendment states, â€Å"No person†¦shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself† (Davenport, 2006, P. 87). People may plead the fifth as a means of refusing to answer questions about alleged criminal activities. The right to not self incriminate, is a fundamental right meant to protect individuals from being forced into giving evidence that could be used against one’s self. This conceptRead MoreWhat is the Bill of Rights?1440 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican citizens. All ten Amendments in the Bill of rights are significant for protecting the right of the citizens but Amendment One the freedom of speech, religion, press, and petition, the Fourth Amendment gives the protection of unreasonable search and seizure without a search warrant, and Fifth protects the accused by protecting them from self incrimination, double jeopardy, and from depriving their life, liberty, or property without due process of law. The First Amendment gives citizens many freedomsRead MoreThe Bill of Rights: The Most Important Documents in American History1579 Words   |  6 PagesRights into the Constitution, Congress did not approve the inclusion of twelve Amendments, or Twelve Articles, until September 25, 1789 (History of the Bill of Rights, 2012). While the first two amendments were rejected, the first ten Amendments of the Constitution make of the United States Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was formally ratified on December 15, 1791 (Independence Hall Association, 2012). The First Amendment protects an individuals freedom of speech and assembly and states, CongressRead MoreThe On The American Criminal Jurisprudence1673 Words   |  7 Pages1. BACKGROUND The background of the case rotates in depth on issues pertinent to the rights to be granted an attorney and self-incrimination as enshrined in the 5th amendment under the United States constitution. The 5th amendment privilege in text provides that, no suspect will be compelled to answer for any capital or infamous crime, unless directed or indicated by the relevant Grand Jury. The only exception being granted to ceases in land and naval spaces that fall under the militia sphere of

Fashion for a cause free essay sample

Having a ribbon on your outfit to support a cause is a thing of past. Today a brand needs to be more deeply involved with different social causes as well as provide us with fashionable clothes. But what is the primary motivation for a buyer in this scenario? Does he buy such products because he wants to support the social cause behind it or because of the product itself and the brand name it carries? Is it just a onetime buy? Is the consumer completely aware about the social concern the product is working for? Are the Indian customers ready to adopt such brands? Objectives 1. To understand if there is a direct relationship between the social concern factor and the brand equity of the product. 2. To know the primary motivation of the buyer of such brands. 3. To check the brand loyalty of these consumers for such brands. 4. To check if the consumers are aware of the social concern around which the product is being promoted. 5. To check if the consumers in India are ready to adopt such social brands. 2 CHAPTER 2 3 Review of Literature (Fernandez, 2013) ‘It is not how much we give, but how much love we put into giving,’ wise words by Mother Teresa. In today’s world that is fuelled by money, it is endearing to find people who try to fuel the world with love and so, it is in this nature that companies have started to verge toward campaigns themed with more ‘selfless giving‘. In the past few years there have been a trend towards various noble causes: charity events, concerts, and other philanthropic endeavours brought about by various companies in a number of industries. There are also a wide a number of advocacies that include: AIDS, HIV, cancer, global warming, gay rights, and many others, in need of charitable donations. And while the whole idea of fashion-brands-going-the-extra-mile-for-a-better-cause may give us the warm feeling and a restored faith in humanity, there is still that quiet looming reminder that in the world of business, nothing comes free. (Times of India, 2013) Fashion may be used to promote a cause, for example, to promote healthy behaviour, to raise money for a cancer cure, to raise money for local charities, for example a Juvenile Protective Association, (Martin, 2013) or to raise donations for a childrens hospitals. (Sultan, 2011) â€Å"Most people do not take the time to donate to the charities yet a small donation can make a very big difference in another persons life. The most important aspect of donating to charity is the fact that you will be helping out a needy person get basic human necessities improving a life in the process. † In today’s busy life not many people take out time to make donations and do charity work but everyone has time to buy new clothes and if buying these clothes can help someone in need wouldn’t that be worth it? (Singh, 2013) â€Å"The global appeal and charitable nature of stores like Being Human not only gives a unique shopping experience to the customers, but also gives them satisfaction of doing good. † The idea of following a film star always appeals to the masses. (Khan, 2013) â€Å"All fashion labels are about looking good, Being Human is also about doing good. † (Beig, 2013) â€Å"Wearing Being Human means you ‘look good, do good’ because you help people by the simple act of slipping on your clothes every day. † (Mandhana, 2013) â€Å"The ‘Being Human’ line is designed to offer comfort, quality and style while supporting an endeavour of good cause. † (Chase, 2009) In a study of how a clothing brands affiliation with a social cause would affect buyers spending habits the research team conducted a survey of Generation Y college students to find out how their support of an existing line of apparel, 7 For All Mankind, might change should the brand begin campaigning with, say, Breast Cancer Awareness. The study reported that both college men and women would hold such brands to a higher esteem in general, and 89% would likely switch from Brand A to Brand B if Brand B was associated with a socially/environmentally focused cause (assuming price and quality are held constant). Additionally, 72. 4% stated they had intentionally purchased a brand name product due to the fact that the brand was affiliated with a cause they agreed with. 4 (Markson, 2012) Purpose is being integrated into marketing efforts in more concerted ways and with favourable consumer response. According to Markson, the marketing world is coming to an understanding that purpose must carry as much weight in crafting an effective ad campaign as the traditional Four Ps of Marketing: Price, Placement, Product and Promotion. In the United States, after quality and price, social purpose (at 47 percent) ranks higher as a purchase motivator than brand loyalty (27 percent) and design and innovation (26 percent). In addition, if a brand of similar quality supports a good cause, 75 percent of consumers claim they would buy it and 76 percent claim they would recommend and share positive experiences about such a brand. Sixty-two percent of U. S. consumers say they would also switch brands if a brand of similar quality supported a good cause. Finally, U. S. consumers willingness to actually promote a brand that supports a good cause jumped 19 percent from 2008 (47 percent) to 2010 (66 percent). (Barkley Cause Survey, 2010) A full 88 percent of American men say it is important for a brand to support a cause. Such a finding points to a new masculine ideal taking hold, an evolution beyond the bad-boy tough guy ideal. American men are comfortable with having a good heart. Maybe they dont want to wear it on their sleeve. But they do want to contribute through their purchases, and in fact a majority demands it, 55 percent of men said they would switch brands from a company that did not support a cause to one that did. (Storm, 2013) Fashion is fun, but sometimes it’s more than that. Certain brands answer to a higher calling than simply making shoppers look fabulous and consumers seem willing to pay extra for it. According to Nielsen’s Global Corporate Citizenship Survey, 46 percent of consumers are willing to pay more for products and services from companies that give back to society. (Nielsen, 2012) New findings from a Nielsen survey of more than 28,000 online respondents from 56 countries around the world provide fresh insights to help businesses better understand the right audience for cause marketers, which programs resonate most strongly with this audience, and what marketing methods may be most effective in reaching these consumers. In the study, respondents were asked if they prefer to buy products and services from companies that implement programs that give back to society. Anticipating a positive response bias, respondents were also asked whether they would be willing to pay extra for those services. For the purposes of this study, Nielsen defines the â€Å"socially conscious consumer† as those who say they would be willing to pay the extra. Two thirds (66%) of consumers around the world say they prefer to buy products and services from companies that have implemented programs to give back to society. That preference extends to other matters, too: they prefer to work for these companies (62%), and invest in these companies (59%). A smaller share, but still nearly half (46%) say they are willing to pay extra for products and services from these companies. These are the â€Å"socially conscious consumers,† as defined by and focused upon in this report. Sixty three percent of global, socially-conscious consumers are under age 40, they consult social media when making purchase decisions and are most concerned about environmental, educational and hunger causes, according to a new study from Nielsen, a leading global provider of information and insights into what consumers watch and buy. 5 6 Few of the brands I came across during my research: 2. 1 Sseko Designs Mission and Impact on Sseko Designs official webpage: Sseko Designs uses fashion to provide employment and scholarship opportunities to women pursuing their dreams and overcoming poverty. To date, theyve enabled 33 to continue on to University. They provide employment (along with access to a comprehensive social impact program) to their team of 45 women in Uganda. And they do it all through a financially selfsustaining model. Issue 1: Female students, due to a lack of economic opportunity, are not able to continue on to university and pursue leadership positions in society. Solution 1: Sseko Designs provides employment during the 9 month gap between high school and university where high potential young women are able to earn and save enough money to pay for college tuition. 50% of their salary each month goes into a savings account that is not accessible until tuition is due. This ensures that their income goes towards education. This also protects the women in the program from the social pressure they often feel from their families to give away the money they are earning which can perpetuate the cycle of poverty. At the end of each term, Sseko Designs grants university scholarships that match up to 100% of the savings each woman has made during her 9 month session with Sseko. Issue 2: In a patriarchal and male dominated society, women are not afforded the same employment and economic opportunities as their male counterparts. Although 66% of the worlds labour is done by women, they own less than 1% of the worlds assets. As long as women are not afforded educational and professional equality, extreme poverty will continue to exist. Solution 2: For every dollar a women in a developing economy earn, she will reinvest 90% of it into her family. Empower a woman and you empower an entire community. In addition to providing employment to women working their way towards university, Sseko partners with women from all walks of life. Sseko employs university graduates who comprise the upper level management team. These are women that use their education, experience and voice to help shape their company. Sseko also works to provide employment for women who have aged out of the education system and have no other form of income generation. They partner with a local non-profit in Uganda that works with young women who have recently come out of the commercial sex industry. Providing stable, dignifying and fair wage employment is a key component to keeping women from entering back into prostitution. They believe that every woman has the capacity to end the cycle of poverty and that it can be done in a way that is fair, dignifying, honouring and life-giving. Issue 3: Although charities and non-profits play a vital and necessary role in all societies, sometimes charity and aid can play a negative role by enabling dependencies and damaging the local economies. Like any of us, our African friends need and desire opportunity, dignity, job creation and empowerment. Solution 3: Instead of treating the symptoms, they aim to address the deeper, underlying issues of extreme poverty. Although Sseko Designs has been built for the purpose of impacting a 7 specific social sector, they have chosen very intentionally to use a sustainable, self-sufficient business model to do this. Their hope is to help create industry and fair-trade with the belief that a large component of economic development lies in the business sector. They believe in the power of responsible consumerism. Instead of competing for limited donor dollars, they hope consumers will think about the story behind their stuff. If they considered the impact that each product they consume has on the lives of those who produced that product and chose to see consumerism as a force and opportunity for positive social change, they believe the world would be filled with beautiful products with even more beautiful stories. 2. 2 World Clothes Line Everyone loves the smell of a clean t-shirt. Or the feeling of a new sweatshirt, soft. Or the look of a brand new outfit, confident and ready to conquer the day. Yet every day, millions of people around the world do not have a clean change of clothes. No options. No choice. World Clothes Line is dedicated to helping them. World Clothes Line will match every item sold with a new item for someone in need. Therefore, when customers purchase merchandise for themselves, they also provide clothing for others. In January 2010, World Clothes Line was born. 2. 2. 1 Their Vision As given in their name, their vision is to clothe the world. At World Clothes Line, they give clothes to people who need them. Through the generosity of their customers and dedication of their team, they hope to spread their message and continually help others. Their shoot for the stars goal is to create an active clothing collection for every country of the world. 2. 2. 2 Their Clothes Their styles are basic: t-shirts, sweatshirts, pants. Their main concerns are functionality, protection, and comfort. The designs are unique. They find that most people are inspired by the world. Every World Clothes Line collection is designed specifically to reflect its countrys people and culture. World Clothes Line is a socially conscious brand. All items are manufactured sweatshop-free at fair wages with environmentally-friendly practices. 8 2. 2. 3 Why Clothes? Clothing is one of our most basic needs. It ranks among air, food, water, and shelter. Clothing provides protection from the elements, reducing the effects of sun exposure, wind rash, and frostbite. It also provides defence against diseases, many of which are spread through mosquitoes and other insect bites. Proper clothing contributes to cleanliness, comfort, ease of movement and overall health. The simple act of changing and washing clothes can prevent infection, chafing, skin disorders and the spreading of viruses. However, in cases of extreme poverty, clothing is often one of the first needs to be ignored. Statistically, more than one billion people in the world live on less than one dollar a day. Almost 2. 7 billion people (thats 40% of our population) survive on less than two dollars per day. In such circumstances, daily necessities like food and water take top priority. Clothing, which can be reworn, therefore is reworn. Day after day. After day At World Clothes Line, they make clothes their number one priority. 2. 3 No One Without N. O. W: One At A Time No One Without water is their non-stop mission. Every product in a purchase provides clean water to one person for 25 years through a concrete Bio-sand filtration system and their partnership with Thirst Relief International. Studies have proven that these filters effectively remove more than 90% of bacteria and 100% of the parasites found in untreated water. Nearly one billion people lack access to clean water and each year 2. 5 million people die from contaminated water, 90% are under 5 years old. The World Health Organization has declared a worldwide water crisis among the worlds poorest people. Society has conditioned us to be overwhelmed with statistics and the quantity of need in the world. The easy thought process is to say theres too much and Im only one person. By taking one step at a time, one day at a time, one person at a time, theyre breaking down numbers and they believe in the power of one. 9 No One Without has aligned themselves with the Thirst Relief mission: To overcome death and disease resulting from the consumption of contaminated water by providing safe, clean water to those in need around the world. 2. 3. 1 Why Water? The solution to the clean drinking water need is found in the concrete Bio-sand filter. The Biosand filter has the ability to produce safe, clean drinking water from both contaminated surface water, and ground water sources. As a result, the simple yet affective technology provides a long-term, sustainable and economical drinking water solution to those in poverty stricken areas around the world. Thirst Relief International currently has Bio-sand filter placements in Brazil, Cameroon, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. No One Without will follow Thirst Relief International around the globe on the quest for clean water. 10 2. 4 TOMS In 2006, American traveller Blake Mycoskie befriended children in a village in Argentina and found they had no shoes to protect their feet. Wanting to help, he created TOMS, a company that would match every pair of shoes purchased with a pair of new shoes given to a child in need. One for One. Realizing this movement could serve other basic needs, TOMS Eyewear was launched. With every pair purchased, TOMS will help give sight to a person in need. One for One. Over the past seven years, theyve listened and learned with every pair of new shoes given. With the support of their amazing network of Giving Partners and the continued support of their community, theyve reached this major milestone and proven that business can fuel good and sustain giving. They have seen remarkable results with shoe giving. Shoes are helping improve school attendance and enrolment. Theyre combined with screenings to combat malnutrition. Theyre given in conjunction with medication to fight hookworm. Further, their model is one that can work beyond shoes. Since they launched TOMS Eyewear, theyve helped restore sight to more than 150,000 individuals around the world. And they look forward to finding new ways to help others. They currently make Giving Pairs in Ethiopia, Kenya, Argentina and China. Within two years, they will produce one third of their Giving Shoes in the regions where they give them. By producing more shoes locally they will create and support jobs in places where they are needed. They are testing production in India and are looking to expand manufacturing in Africa and other regions. In Haiti, they are in the early stages of getting production off the ground. Theyve also partnered with local artists to create a line of hand-painted shoes for their customers helping create and support jobs in a place where they also give. And theyre looking to offer more styles that feature locally produced textiles. Their sight giving empowers communities and supports sustainable eye-care organizations in the developing world. They work with locally based organizations that train residents to provide professional care. So its an investment in clinics, people and even local jobs. 11 2. 5 Common Threadz Common Threadz is a non-profit organization helping orphans vulnerable children in developing nations to reach their full potential through the empowerment of the children, their caretakers the local grass roots community organizations that support them. 2. 5. 1 School Uniforms for Orphans Vulnerable Children This was the first initiative that Common Threadz created in 2008. For every t-shirt or bracelet that they sell from their Shop to Help Store, they give a school uniform to an orphan or vulnerable child (OVC) so they can go to, or stay in school. Some of the children they care for had been refused schooling for not being able to afford a uniform. Uniforms are a requirement in most schools in Africa and they want to make sure that all these children have the chance to go to school, make friends and learn so that they can reach their full potential. Since the inception of this program, hundreds of uniforms have been handed over to OVC’s. Typically a uniform will last a year and so there is an ongoing need for uniforms. As the caregivers they continuously work to identify the OVC’s in need and as support for this program grows, they plan to hand over many more uniforms in the future. 2. 5. 2 Orphan and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Mentor Program They currently operate a mentor program in Obanjeni, South Africa. This program teams responsible and employed adults from the local community with orphans and vulnerable children (OVC’s) as role models on a one-to-one basis. Each of their mentors supports many children, meeting with each child for at least one hour per week. The mentors spend time helping with homework, chatting about personal hygiene, advising on healthy lifestyles and most of all, listening to the child. In some cases these mentors have come back to them to report abuse and a child has had to be moved to a place of safety and the police and social workers are called in. The mentors are their ears and eyes in the community. The program has rolled out with many young children and teenagers benefiting greatly. Still in its infancy, this program has been a great success and will be replicated and expanded moving forward. 2. 5. 3 The Feeding Program Common Threadz provides the funding and nutritional guidance for grassroots non-profit organizations in rural South Africa, such as Siyathuthuka Obanjeni, to provide daily meals to over 200 orphans and vulnerable children (OVC’s) that they have identified in the area. Proper nutrition is a fundamental need for the children to grow and learn and although the government says that it’s a child’s right not to go hungry, this is far from the reality for many thousands of children in South Africa. This program has grown from its inception last year when caregivers began to cook three meals a week for children after school. Now an employed cook prepares a cooked meal every day for the children to eat after school and in April 2010 they started to provide high protein porridge for the children to eat on their way to school, as the teachers have indicated that it is very difficult for the children to concentrate when they are hungry. 12 Once again this program has much room to expand and reach many more needy OVC’s but it would not be possible without the support of their customers. 2. 5. 4 Shoes for Kids This program complements the School Uniforms Programme by providing new school shoes to barefoot children in need, namely orphans and vulnerable children (OVC’s). School uniforms might give these children entrance to school, however many of them walk for up to four hours a day to go to school barefoot. A new pair of school shoes is usually the only new pair of shoes most of these children will ever receive and for most of them it will be the only pair of shoes they will own. All it takes is $10 to provide an OVC with a new pair of shoes so that they can go to school with confidence. 2. 6 Threads for Thought What began as a small business manufacturing and marketing graphic tee shirts that were made exclusively from organic cotton, gave back to charity, and promoted a cleaner environment, or advocated for peace, has grown into a complete lifestyle brand. They have never deviated from their primary mission, to promote a sense of responsibility for those who share this world with us, but rather than simply broadcasting that message on the front of tee shirts, the company has incorporated those principles into their very existence. 2. 6. 1 How their threads are sustainable Threads 4 Thought fabrics are made using the most sustainable materials possible such as organically grown cotton and polyester derived from recycled water bottles. Their fabrics are dyed using low impact dyes whenever possible often the water used in the dye process is purified and then reused rather than being discarded. 13 2. 6. 2 Organic Cotton vs. Conventional Cotton ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Organic cotton is 90% less toxic than conventional cotton. Conventional cotton crops use more than 25% of all the insecticides in the world and 12% of all the pesticides while growing on only 2. 5 % of cultivated lands in the world. Organic cotton uses untreated seeds that are never genetically modified while conventional cotton uses genetically modified seeds, hurting the crops soil over time. Organic Cotton plants stay strong through crop rotation and retain water efficiently due to increased organic matter in the soil. Conventional cotton plants use synthetic fertilizers. Organic Cotton fields use seasonal freezes and water management for defoliation. Conventional cotton does this through the use of toxic chemicals. Weeds are physically removed by hand hoeing and cultivation. Farmers use beneficial insects and trap crops to control pests. Conventional cotton uses a toxic aerial spraying technique. 2. 6. 3 Turning Plastic into fashion 1. The plastics are sorted according to colour and SNV plastics. 2. Next, the plastic goes through a sterilization process. Then, it is dried and crushed into chips. Next, liquefaction occurs under high temperatures, as a mixture of the recycled chips and some new plastic from petroleum derivatives are melted together to form a smooth, syrup-like material. 3. The first threads are formed when the liquefied material is forced through holes and exposed to air. The hardened threads, called tow, then go through a strengthening process. 4. The drawing process strengthens the molecular bonds of the tow; the tow is pulled to double their size and then shrunken. 5. The threads then go through a dryer where they develop a woolly texture. The texture is inspected for strength and thickness, and then spun into a finer yarn that is then ready to be dyed and knit into fabric. 14 2. 7 147 Million Orphans Profits from 147 Million Orphans are directed to the 147 Million Orphans Foundation, where they are given to Love+ 1 Projects and feeding programs. The 147 Million Orphans Foundation was created to impact the lives of children through the provision of food, water, and medicine. They invest directly in projects that help provide these basic needs to those who desperately need it, and most of their projects occur in Haiti, Honduras, and Uganda. As with any good foundation you must lay one brick at a time. Whether that is a medical clinic in Haiti, homes in Honduras, Water Wells in Sudan, or a store house full of food for Uganda, they want to show the love of Christ. The rebuilding of the wall in Nehemiah was accomplished by people just doing their part and helping others to do theirs. The Love+ 1 projects are steps in rebuilding, and they would love for us to be a part of the rebuilding. 2. 7. 1 During 2012 and 2013, the Love+ 1 Projects Included: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Provided funding for over 100,000 meals for children in Uganda, Haiti, and Honduras Helped to build clean water wells in Sudan and Honduras Provided funding for HIV education and medicine in Uganda and Haiti Provided funding for a vehicle, appliances and kitchen construction for an orphanage in Haiti Funded the construction costs of 27 homes in Mt. Olivos, Honduras for displaced families. These 2 bedroom, concrete homes with running water are allowing families to remain intact and raise their children in a healthy environment. They are building a strong community, including a school and a weekly worship service. Provided over 150 cans of formula to an infant feeding nutrition program in Haiti Raised $200,000 of the $250,000 needed for construction of the Love+ 1 Medical Centre in Gressier, Haiti where there are currently no medical or dental facilities available to the 35,000 residents. This centre will include a doctor’s office with a pharmacy, a dental office, an urgent care clinic, and an operating room. This clinic will be located on land adjoining a school that currently serves over 400 children. Raising the final $50,000 and beginning construction of the Love+ 1 Medical Centre in Haiti – a 5,000 square foot facility with medical and dental facilities for a community of 35,000 people with no medical care. The medical facility is expected to open in October 2013 with ongoing funding needs for supplies and equipment. Construction of a tilapia pond for the community of Mt. Olivos, Honduras. Completion of the construction of all homes in Mt. Olivos, Honduras. Formula for an infant feeding and nutrition program in Haiti Food and medicine to children in Uganda, Haiti, and Honduras Bedding and supply needs for an orphanage in Uganda Food to children in Tennessee through a weekly backpack program 15 2. 8 I Am A Star I AM A STAR is built on a solid foundation of trust and collaboration. It is rooted in the Somali diaspora communities leadership, and it makes room for the solidarity and creativity of motivated people everywhere. Together, theyre providing relief in Somalia, and shining a light on a culture of poets, artists, mothers and fathers, children, innovators, farmers, businesspeople. Each one, a star in his or her own right. Perched on the very tip of the Horn of Africa, Somalia has suffered two decades of hardship, violence and displacement. Its estimated that 25% of the countrys population have fled their homes, traveling to Kenya and Ethiopia or to other parts of Somalia. Since the summer of 2011, the country has faced a crippling food crisis. Between 50,000 to 100,000 Somalis have died as a result. US Secretary of State, Hillary Rodham Clinton called it the most severe humanitarian emergency in the world today-and the worst East Africa has seen in decades. Thanks to the spirit and efforts of the worldwide Somali Diaspora and other compassionate individuals, organizations and governments, relief is getting to people who need it. Donors have looked past the negative imagery of Somalia in the media and sent their support. That support has saved the lives of mothers and fathers, children, poets, artists, innovators, farmers, businesspeople, human beings. But there is still so much that needs to be done in Somalia. The famine has ended, but 1 in 5 Somali children are still malnourished. 2. 5 million people are still dependent on food aid in order to survive. It will take an investment of time and great effort to shake off the legacy of 20 years of war and unrest in Somalia. The country has the worlds lowest rates of school enrolment, and experts estimate that 18% of children born in Somalia will not live to age 5. 2. 8. 1 With Support from: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? KNAAN 4Real IDEO Pivotal Labs Heroku Music for Relief Mataano Chef Roble Co. Faarrow Mosaic 16 2. 9 Soles 4 Souls Soles4Souls is a global not-for-profit institution dedicated to fighting the devastating impact and perpetuation of poverty. The organization advances its anti-poverty mission by collecting new and used shoes and clothes from individuals, schools, faith-based institutions, civic organizations and corporate partners, then distributing those shoes and clothes both via direct donations to people in need and by provisioning qualified micro-enterprise programs designed to create jobs in poor and disadvantaged communities. Based in Nashville, Tennessee, Soles4Souls is committed to the highest standards of operating and governance, and holds a four-star rating with Charity Navigator. Founded in 2004, Soles4Souls is a global not-for-profit institution dedicated to fighting the devastating impact and perpetuation of poverty through the distribution of shoes and clothing. Soles4Souls distributes shoes and clothing in two ways. Most new items collected primarily from corporations and retailers are given directly to people in need, both in the U. S. and overseas. The organization has relationships with several of the world’s leading apparel brands, which provides Soles4Souls with new but non-marketable overstocks, returns, discontinued models and other shoes or clothing items. At the same time, Soles4Souls receives millions of articles of used shoes and clothing that have been collected by individuals, schools, faith-based institutions, civic organizations and corporate partners. After sorting items in its national warehouse system, Soles4Souls typically sells the used shoes and clothing, as well as some new items allocated by manufacturers, to carefully selected micro-enterprise organizations. These both private and non-profit companies are contracted to provide shipping, financing, inventory, training and other support to ultrasmall businesses in countries like Haiti where there are virtually no jobs to generate personal income. Through the collection and sale of used (and new) clothing and shoes, Soles4Souls helps create self-sustaining jobs that generate desperately needed revenues throughout those communities. The sale of footwear and apparel to support micro-jobs also provides the majority of funding to sustain Soles4Souls operations and further expand its donations of new shoes and clothing. 17 2. 10 FEED FEED Projects mission is to create good products that help FEED the world. They do this through the sale of FEED bags, be